Back in 2015, I wrote about Firefox’s screenshot utility, which used to be a command in the GCLI. Well, the GCLI is gone now, but the coders at Mozilla have brought command-line screenshotting back with :screenshot, currently available in Firefox Nightly and Firefox Dev Edition. It’s available in the Web Console (⌥⌘K or Tools → Web Developer → Console).
An image I captured by typing :screenshot --dpr 0.5 in the Web Console
Once you’re in the Web Console, you can type :sc and then hit Tab to autocomplete :screenshot. From there, everything is the same as I wrote in 2015, with the exception that the --imgur and --chrome options no longer exist. There are plans to add uploading to Firefox Screenshots as a replacement for the old Imgur option, but as of this writing, that’s still in the future.
So the list of :screenshot options as of late August 2018 is:
--clipboard
Copies the image to your OS clipboard for pasting into other programs. Prevents saving to a file unless you use the --file option to force file-writing.
--delay
The time in seconds to wait before taking the screenshot; handy if you want to pop open a menu or invoke a hover state for the screenshot. You can use any number, not just integers.
--dpr
The Device Pixel Ratio (DPR) of the captured image. Values above 1 yield “zoomed-in” images; values below 1 create “zoomed-out“ results. See the original article for more details.
--fullpage
Captures the entire page, not just the portion of the page visible in the browser’s viewport. For unusually long (or wide) pages, this can cause problems like crashing, not capturing all of the page, or just failing to capture anything at all.
--selector
Accepts a CSS selector and captures only that element and its descendants.
--file
When true, forces writing of the captured image to a file, even if --clipboard is also being used. Setting this to false doesn’t seem to have any effect.
--filename
Allows you to set a filename rather than accept the default. Explicitly saying --filename seems to be optional; I find that writing simply :screenshot test yields a file called test.png, without the need to write :screenshot --filename test. YFFMV.
I do have one warning: if you capture an image to a filename like test.png, and then you capture to that same filename, the new image will overwrite the old image. This can bite you if you’re using the up-arrow history scroll to capture images in quick succession, and forget to change the filename for each new capture. If you don’t supply a filename, then the file’s name uses the pattern of your OS screen capture naming; e.g., Screen Shot 2018-08-23 at 16.44.41.png on my machine.
I still use :screenshot to this day, and I’m very happy to see it restored to the browser — thank you, Mozillans! You’re the best.
I said yesterday I would write up the process of adding Grid to meyerweb, and I did. I started it last night and I finished it this morning, and when I was done with the first draft I discovered I’d written almost four thousand words.
So I pitched it to an online magazine, and they accepted, so it should be ready in the next couple of weeks. Probably not long after Chrome ships its Grid implementation into public release, in fact. I’ll certainly share the news when it’s available.
In the meantime, you can inspect live grids for yourself, whether here or at Grid by Example or The Experimental Layout Lab of Jen Simmons or wherever else. All you need is Firefox 52, though Firefox Nightly is recommended for reasons I’ll get to in a bit.
In Firefox 52, if you inspect an element that has display: grid assigned to it, you’ll get a little waffle icon in the inspector, like so:
Mmmmmm, waffles.
Click it, and Firefox will draw the grid lines on the page for you in a lovely shade of purple. It will even fill in grid gaps (which are a thing) with a crosshatch-y pattern. It’s a quick way to visualize what the grid’s template values are creating.
If you have Firefox Nightly, there’s an even more powerful tool at your disposal. First, go into the inspector’s settings, and make sure “Enable layout panel” is checked. You may or may not have to restart the browser at this point — I did, but YEMV — but once it’s up and running, there will be a “Layout” panel to go with the other panels on the right side of the Inspector. There you get the box model stuff, as well as a checklist of grids on the current page.
The Layout panel
For each grid on the page — not just the element you’re inspecting — you can set your own color for the gridlines, though those color choices do not currently persist, even across page reloads. You can also turn on number labels for the grid lines, which are currently tiny and black no matter what you do. And if you allow grid lines to extend into infinity, you can turn the page into a blizzard of multicolored lines, assuming there are several grids present.
This panel is very much in its infancy, so we can expect future enhancements. Things like color persistence and better grid line labels are already on the to-do list, I’m told, as well as several more ambitious features. Even as it is, I find it valuable in constructing new grids and diagnosing the situation when things go sideways. (Occasionally, literally sideways: I was playing with writing-mode in grid contexts today.)
There’s another, possibly simpler, way to enable the Layout panel, which I learned about courtesy Andrei Petcu. You type about:config into the URL bar, then enter layoutview into the search field. Double-click “devtools.layoutview.enabled” to set it to “true”, and it will be ready to go. Thanks, Andrei!
Yesterday, I was looking at an existing page, wondering if it would be improved by rearranging some of the elements. I was about to fire up the git engine (spawn a branch, check it out, do edits, preview them, commit changes, etc., etc.) when I got a weird thought: could I just drag elements around in the Web Inspector in my browser of choice, Firefox Nightly, so as to quickly try out various changes without having to open an editor? Turns out the answer is yes, as demonstrated in this video!
Youtube: “Dragging elements in Firefox Nightly’s Web Inspector”
Since I recorded the video, I’ve learned that this same capability exists in public-release Firefox, and has been in Chrome for a while. It’s probably been in Firefox for a while, too. What I was surprised to find was how many other people were similarly surprised that this is possible, which is why I made the video. It’s probably easier to understand to video if it’s full screen, or at least expanded, but I think the basic idea gets across even in small-screen format. Share and enjoy!
Throughout 2015, a few people who’ve seen me present “Designing for Crisis” at An Event Apart have noticed that, on the slides where I have filler text, it’s a localized variant. In Washington, DC, for example, one section started out:
Andrew ellicott lobortis decima thomas jefferson vulputate dynamicus fiant kingman park sollemnes ford’s theater. Vero videntur modo claritatem possim quis quod est noma howard university consequat diam. Blandit ut claram north michigan park seacula judiciary square william jefferson clinton hawthorne millard fillmore iis…
This was a product of some simple PHP I’d originally written to generate Cleveland-themed filler text a year or so back, which you can find at localipsum.meyerweb.com, and which I’d expanded upon to let me generate text for my presentations at AEA. The name comes from the original idea I had, which was to provide a list of cities/regions/whatever, so that users could pick one and generate some filler text. That never quite came together. I had a semi-working version once, but the UI was horrible and the file management was worse and I got discouraged and rolled back to what you see now.
I kept telling myself that I’d get back to it, do the city-selection thing right, polish it nicely, and then finally release the source. I’ve told myself that all year, as I manually swapped in city information to generate the filler text for each of my talks. Now I’ve finally admitted to myself that it isn’t going to happen, so: here’s the source. I chose a pretty permissive license — BSD-ISC, if I recall correctly — so feel free to make use of it for your own filler text. I’ll be happy to accept pull requests with improvements, but not package-management or complete MVC restructuring. Sorry.
I know, it’s a goofy little thing and the code is probably pants, but I kinda like it and figure maybe someone out there will too. If nothing else, we can look for a few laughs in the output and maybe — just maybe — learn a little something about ourselves along the way.
(P.S. Speaking of “Designing for Crisis”, look for a post about that, and more specifically video of it, in the next few weeks.)
The Graphical Command Line Interpreter (GCLI) has been removed from Firefox, but screenshot has been revived as :screenshot in the Web Console (⌥⌘K), with most of the same options discussed below. Thus, portions of this article have become incorrect as of August 2018. Read about the changes in my post Firefox’s :screenshot Command.
Everyone has their own idiosyncratic collection of tools they can’t work without, and I’ve recently been using one of mine as I produce figures for CSS: The Definitve Guide, Fourth Edition (CSS:TDG4e). It’s Firefox’s command-line screenshot utility.
To get access to screenshot, you first have to hit ⇧F2 for the Developer Toolbar, not⌥⌘K for the Web Console. (I know, two command lines — who thought that was a good idea? Moving on.) Once you’re in the Developer Toolbar, you can type s and then hit Tab to autocomplete screenshot. Then type a filename for your screenshot, if you want to define it, either with or without the file extension; otherwise you’ll get whatever naming convention your computer uses for screen captures. For example, mine does something like Screen Shot 2015-10-22 at 10.05.51.png by default. If you hit [return] (or equivalent) at this point, it’ll save the screenshot to your Downloads folder (or equivalent). Done!
Except, don’t do that yet, because what really makes screenshot great is its options; in my case, they’re what elevate screenshot from useful to essential, and what set it apart from any screen-capture addon I’ve ever seen.
The option I use a lot, particularly when grabbing images of web sites for my talks, is --fullpage. That option captures absolutely everything on the page, even the parts you can’t see in the browser window. See, by default, when you use screenshot, it only shows you the portion of the page visible in the browser window. In many cases, that’s all you want or need, but for the times you want it all, --fullpage is there for you. Any time you see me do a long scroll of a web page in a talk, like I did right at the ten-minute mark of my talk at Fluent 2015, it was thanks to --fullpage.
If you want the browser --chrome to show around your screenshot, though, you can’t capture the --fullpage. Firefox will just ignore the -fullpage option if you invoke --chrome, and give you the visible portion of the page surrounded by your browser chrome, including all your addon icons and unread tabs. Which makes some sense, I admit, but part of me wishes someone had gone to the effort of adding code to redraw the chrome all the way around a --fullpage capture if you asked for it.
Now, for the purposes of CSS:TDG4e’s figures, there are two screenshot options that I cannot live without.
I captured this using screenshot fb-trend --selector '#u_0_l'. That saved exactly what you see to fb-trend.png.
The first is --selector, which lets you supply a CSS selector to an element — at which point, Firefox will capture just that element and its descendants. The only, and quite understandable, limitation is that the selector you supply must match a single element. For me, that’s usually just --selector 'body', since every figure I create is a single page, and there’s nothing in the body except what I want to include in the figure. So instead of trying to drag-select a region of the screen with ⇧⌘4, or (worse) trying to precisely size the browser window to show just the body element and not one pixel more, I can enter something like screenshot fig047 --selector 'body' and get precisely what I need.
That might seem like a lot to type every time, but the thing is, I don’t have to: not only does the Web Toolbar have full tab-autocomplete, the Toolbar also offers up-arrow history. So once I’ve tab-completed the command to capture my first figure, I just use the up arrow to bring the command back and change the file name. Quick, simple, efficient.
The second essential option for me is --dpr, which defines a device pixel ratio. Let’s say I want to capture something at four times the usual resolution. --dpr 4 makes it happen. Since all my figures are meant to go to print as well as ebooks, I can capture at print-worthy resolutions without having to use ⌘+ to blow up the content, or fiddle with using CSS to make everything bigger. Also if I want to go the other way and capture a deliberately pixellated version of a page, I can use something like --dpr 0.33.
I have used this occasionally to size down an image online: I “View Image” to get it in its own window, then use screenshot with a fractional DPR value to shrink it. Yes, this is a rare use case, even for me, but hey — the option exists! I haven’t used the DPR option for my talks, but given the growing use of HD 16:9 projectors — something we’ve been using at An Event Apart for a while now, actually — I’m starting to lean toward using --dpr 2 to get sharper images.
(Aside: it turns out this option is only present in very recent versions of Firefox, such as Developer Edition 43 and the current Nightlies. So if you need DPR, grab a Nightly and go crazy!)
A snippet of an image I captured using --dpr 5. On-screen, the page was at 100% zoom, 16-pixel (browser default) text sizing. The resulting capture was 4000×2403 pixels.
And that’s not all! You can set a --delay in seconds, to make sure a popup menu or other bit of interaction is visible before the capture happens. If you want to take your captured image straight into another program before saving it, there’s --clipboard. And there’s an option to upload straight to --imgur, though I confess I haven’t figured out how that one works. I suspect you have to be logged into imgur first. If anyone knows, please leave a comment so the rest of us know how to use it!
The one thing that irks me a little bit about screenshot is that the file name must come before the options. When I’m producing a bunch of figures in a row, having to drag-select just the file name for replacement is a touch tedious; I wish I could put the file name at the end of the command, so I could quickly drag-select it with a rightward wrist-flick. But all things considered, this is a pretty minor gripe. Well, shut my mouth and paint me red — it turns out you can put the filename after the options. Either that wasn’t possible at some point and I never retested the assertion, or it was always possible and I just messed up. Either way, this irk is irksome no more!
The other thing I wish screenshot could do is let me define a precise width or height in pixels — or, since I’m dreaming, a value using any valid CSS length unit — and scale the result to that measure. This isn’t really useful for the CSS:TDG4e figures, but it could come in pretty handy for creating talk slides. No, I have no idea how that would interact with the DPR option, but I’d certainly be willing to find out.
So that’s one of my “unusual but essential” tools. What’s yours?
As I was reading an article with a few scattered apostrophe errors, I wished that I could highlight each one, hit a report button, and know that the author had been notified of the errors so that they could fix them. No requirement to leave a comment chastising them for bad grammar, replete with lots of textual context so they could find the errors — just a quick “hey, I spotted this error, now you know so you can fix it” notice, sent in private to them.
Then I realized that I wanted that for my own site, to let people tell me when I had gaffes in need of repair. It’s an almost-wiki, where the crowd can flag errors that need to be corrected without having to edit the source themselves — or have the power to edit it themselves, for that matter, which is an open door for abuse.
I haven’t thought this through in tons of detail, but here’s how it feels in my head:
Visitors highlight a typo and click a button to report it. Or else click a button to start reporting, highlight a word, and click again to submit. This part is kind of fuzzy in my head, and yes, “click” is not the best term here, but it’s one we all understand.
Interesting extra feature: the ability to classify the type of error when reporting. For example: apostrophe, misspelling, parallelism, pronoun trouble.
Other interesting extra feature: the ability to inform users of the ground rules before they report. For example: “This site uses British punctuation rules, the Oxford comma, and American spelling.” (Which I do.)
The author gets notice whenever an error is reported, or else can opt for a daily digest.
Each notice lets the author quickly accept or reject the reported error, much as can be done with edits in MS Word and similar programs, along with a link that will jump the author straight to the reported error so they can see it in context. If rejected, future reports of that word are disabled. If accepted, the change is made immediately, without requiring a dive into the CMS.
When an error is reported, future visitors to the site will see any already-reported errors in highlight. This keeps them from reporting the same thing over and over, and also acts as incentive to the author to fix errors quickly. (The highlight style could be customizable.)
Reports can only happen at the word level, not the individual letter level. So reporting an “it’s” error highlights all of “it’s”, not just the offending apostrophe. Perhaps also for multiple words, though only up to a certain number, like three. And yes, I’m keenly aware of the challenges of defining a “word” in an internationally-aware manner, but perhaps in ideographic languages you switch to per-symbol. (Not an expert here, so take that with a few grinders of salt.)
The author can optionally limit the number of reports permitted per hour/day/whatever. This could be enforced globally or on a per-user basis, though globally is a tad more robust.
That’s how I see it working, after a few minutes’ thought. It seems pretty achievable as a CMS plugin, actually, though I confess that I don’t have anywhere close to the time and coding chops needed to make it happen right now (or any time soon). The biggest challenge to me seems like the “edit-on-accept-without-CMS-diving” part, since there are so many CMSes and particularly since static sites are staging a comeback. Still, I think it would be a fun and worthwhile project for someone out there. If somebody takes it on, I’d love to follow along and see where it ends up, particularly if they do it for WordPress (which is what the blog hereabouts runs on).
In the course of expanding my documentation of color values, I failed to find a table that listed all 147 SVG-and-CSS3-defined keywords along with the equivalent RGB decimal, RGB percent, HSL, hexadecimal, and (when valid) short-hex values. There were some tables that listed some but not all of those value types, and one that listed all the value types (plus CMYK) along with a few hundred other keywords, but none that listed all of the CSS keywords and value types. And none that I saw used precise values for the RGB percent and HSL types, preferring instead to round off at the expense of some subtle differences in color.
So I created my own table, which you can now find in the CSS area of meyerweb. Most of it is dynamically generated, taking a list of keywords and RGB decimal equivalents and then calculating the rest of the values from there. The presentation is still a work in progress, and may change a little or a lot. In particular, if I can’t find a better algorithm for determining which rows should have white text instead of black, I’ll probably shift away from the full-row background colors to some other presentation. (Update: it’s been greatly improved, so I’m sticking with the full-row backgrounds. For now, anyway.)
My thanks to Tab Atkins for his donation of the RGB-to-HSL routine I adapted as well as help improving the pick-light-or-dark-text algorithm; and to the people who responded positively on Twitter when I mused about the idea there.
Update 25 May 12: the table now allows sorting (both directions) on the Keyword, RGB Decimal, and HSL columns. The sorting and styling code uses methods like el.classList.remove() so it may not function well, or at all, in older versions of Internet Explorer. The numeric sorts also appear to be borked in Opera and Chrome for no reason I can discern, and it’s not like I did anything fancy in the JavaScript — exactly the opposite, I’d wager. (Speaking of which, I’m sure my JavaScript is an non-stop amateur-hour horrorshow. I’m okay with that. If you aren’t, you might want to avert your gaze.) If there’s a simple fix that doesn’t screw up other browsers, like Safari and Firefox, I’m interested. If not, then we’ll all just have to live with it.
Update II 25 May 12: thanks to the folks who responded to my question over at StackOverflow as well as on Twitter, the sorting is now stable across browsers. Bonus: I feel like thanks to everything I’ve learned along the way, the JavaScript in general is getting halfway to decent. Go me.
I have this very odd problem that seems to be some combination of PDF, Acrobat, Outlook, Thunderbird, and maybe even IMAP and GMail. I know, right?
The problem is that certain PDFs sent to me by a single individual won’t open at first. I’ll get one as an email attachment. I drag the attachment to a folder in my (Snow Leopard) Finder and double-click it to open. The error dialog I immediately get from Acrobat Professional is:
There was an error opening this document. The file is damaged and could not be repaired.
Preview, on the other hand, tells me:
The file “[redacted]” could not be opened. It may be damaged or use a file format that Preview doesn’t recognize.
When this happens, I tell the person who sent me the file that The Problem has happened again. She sends me the exact same file as an attachment. Literally, she just takes the same file she sent before and drags it onto the new message to send to me again.
And this re-sent file opens without incident. Every time. Furthermore, extra re-sends open without incident. I recently had her send me the same initially damaged file five times, some attached to replies and others to brand-new messages. All of them opened flawlessly. The initially damaged file remained damaged.
Furthermore, if I go through the GMail web interface, I can view the initial attached PDF (the one my OS X applications say is damaged) through the GMail UI without trouble. If I download that attachment to my hard drive, it similarly opens in Acrobat (and Preview) without trouble.
A major indication of damage: that first download is a different size than all the others. In the most recent instance, the damaged file is 680,302 bytes. The undamaged files are all 689,188 bytes. If only I knew why it’s damaged the first time, and not all the others!
So far, I’ve yet to see this happen with PDFs from anyone else, but then I receive very few attached PDFs from people other than this one (our events manager at An Event Apart, who sends and receives PDFs and Office documents like they’re conversational speech — an occupational hazard of her line of work), and it only seems to happen with PDFs of image scans that she’s created. Other types of PDFs, whether she generated them or not, seem to come through fine; ditto for other file types, like Word documents. I’d be tempted to blame the scanning software, but again: the exact same file is damaged the first time, and fine on every subsequent re-attachment.
I’ve done some Googling, and found scattered advice on ways clear up corrupted-PDF-attachment problems in Thunderbird. I’ve followed these pieces of advice, and nothing has helped. In summary, I have so far:
Set mail.server.default.fetch_by_chunks to false.
Set mail.imap.mime_parts_on_demand to false.
Set mail.server.default.mime_parts_on_demand to false.
Tried the Thunderbird extension OPENATTACHMENTBYEXTENSION. That failed, and so I immediately uninstalled it because handling files by extension alone is just asking to be pwned, regardless of your operating system or personal level of datanoia. (I wouldn’t have left it installed had it worked; I just wanted to see if it did work as a data point.)
Here’s what I know about the various systems in play here:
I’m using Thunderbird 11.0.1 on OS X 10.6.8.
The attachments are always sent via Outlook 2010 on Windows 7.
The software used for the scanning is the HP scanning software that was installed with the scanner. Scans are saved to the hard drive, renamed, and then manually attached to the email. On resend, the same file is manually attached to the email.
